PCOS Risk Factors: Who is Most at Risk for PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition affecting many women. A hormonal imbalance leads to the development of ovarian cysts and irregular periods, both of which can impact your fertility. PCOS affects between 5-10% of reproductive-age women and is a leading cause of infertility. But it goes beyond irregular periods. Unexpected weight gain and difficulty managing weight are common symptoms of PCOS. Excess androgens, hormones typically found more in males, can lead to several physical symptoms, including hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and thinning hair. Everyone’s experience with PCOS can be different, but you are not alone in seeking answers on PCOS. Understanding some of the causes and PCOS risk factors can help manage and potentially alleviate symptoms.

Major Risk Factors for PCOS

Over the years, researchers have found a few common conditions and indicators among patients that are risk factors for PCOS. Genetics, for one, is a common risk factor. If your mother, sister, or aunt has PCOS, your odds of developing the condition increase. Carrying excess weight can also contribute to a hormonal imbalance, further complicating PCOS. While the exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, ongoing research has shed some light on the factors that contribute to developing PCOS. 

Is PCOS Genetic?

Researchers have long theorized that PCOS may be genetically inherited. Some research points to mutations in a gene called “CYP11A,” which helps convert cholesterol into progesterone, one of the main reproductive hormones.  Researchers also point to mutations in the genes associated with regulating insulin and luteinizing hormone, another necessary reproductive hormone. Though we do not fully understand the genetic link yet, if you have a history of PCOS in your family, you may be at a heightened risk and should speak with your healthcare provider. Ongoing studies are trying to pinpoint better, genetically, what causes PCOS.

Insulin Resistance as a Risk Factor for PCOS

Insulin resistance can be a significant risk factor in PCOS. Excess insulin can disrupt how well your ovaries work and throw off your hormones, leading to PCOS symptoms like weight gain and an irregular period. The good news is, that managing insulin resistance can make a big difference in alleviating PCOS symptoms. Focus on a balanced diet with lots of whole foods and vegetables, and incorporate regular exercise and movement. You’ll also be lessening your chances of developing Type II Diabetes, as insulin resistance and PCOS both increase your risk of developing the condition.

The Connection Between PCOS and Obesity

Obesity is a common in women with PCOS obesity exacerbates PCOS symptoms, in addition to increasing your risk of cardiovascular disease and Type II Diabetes. Unfortunately, because of the hormonal imbalance that causes PCOS, managing your weight is much more challenging with the condition. For many people with PCOS, finding a diet that is rich in nutrients and sustainable is a key factor in maintaining a healthy weight. And you don’t have to do it alone; consider working with a supportive healthcare team like Allara’s experienced Registered Dietitians, OB-GYNs, Endocrinologists, and Women’s Health Nurse Practitioners. They can work with you to come up with a holistic plan that includes a PCOS diet catered to your lifestyle and needs.

Is PCOS Caused by Lifestyle?

Lifestyle factors alone aren’t the cause of PCOS, but they play a crucial role in the symptoms and management of the condition. Factors like diet, physical activity, stress management and even environmental influences can impact your overall wellness and health outcomes. Making small, sustainable changes can alleviate some of the discomforts associated with PCOS. Add more color to your diet, set aside time each day to move your body, and try meditation or other stress-management techniques. There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to managing your PCOS, but looking at it holistically, including regular medical check-ups, combined with lifestyle adjustments and mental health support, can help you lead a more balanced and fulfilling life. 

Reducing Your Risk of PCOS

Although we don’t know what exactly causes PCOS, we do know that there are some risk factors that you can control that could help reduce your risk of developing the condition. Losing 5-10% of your body weight can help with many of the symptoms of PCOS, including irregular periods, and has the added benefit of helping insulin sensitivity. But it isn’t just about weight loss. Research shows that adding physical exercise improves PCOS outcomes and overall health benefits, even if your main goal is not weight loss. Additionally, a sustainable diet is more helpful in the long term than any fad diet that promises quick results. Lifestyle changes won’t happen overnight, but taking small steps over time can greatly reduce your risk and contribute to a healthier overall lifestyle. Beyond lifestyle changes, consult with a healthcare provider who can support your PCOS journey. The right support can make a huge difference in tackling this often misunderstood condition.

Managing PCOS often involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle changes, medication, and working closely with a supporting team to tailor a plan that suits your specific needs.

Awareness and knowledge are your best allies in navigating PCOS. If you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns, talking to a healthcare professional can provide clarity and direction. Remember, you're not alone on this journey—many women are walking a similar path and finding ways to thrive. Allara Health provides personalized treatment for hormonal, metabolic, and gynecological conditions. It utilizes a holistic plan that merges nutrition, lifestyle, medication and supplementation, and ongoing, expert support to heal your body. If you need support on this journey, check out our treatment options to see if they are right for you.