Hashimoto's Risk Factors

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s Disease, is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck called the thyroid gland. The thyroid plays a vital role in producing hormones that regulate your metabolism, energy levels, and overall well-being. Hashimoto’s affects more women than men, and women are seven times more likely to be diagnosed with it. 

Some researchers think that female reproductive hormones are the likely reason why women are more prone to being diagnosed with Hashimoto’s. Aside from gender, there are several other Hashimoto's Disease risk factors, such as genetics and lifestyle, that can increase the likelihood of your being diagnosed with the condition. 

Genetic Factors and Hashimoto's in Women

As with other hormonal disorders like PCOS, you may wonder if Hashimoto’s disease is genetic. The answer is not a clear-cut yes or no. Over the past few decades, research suggests a “genetic predisposition” to Hashimoto’s. This means that if you have a family history of the condition, your chances of having it are higher.

In one study, if thyroid autoantibodies (TAbs) were present in two parents, 42% of daughters and 33% of sons developed the same antibodies, which attack the thyroid. Another study showed a significant increase in risk when just one sibling had hypothyroidism. While these findings indicate a genetic link, they are not conclusive. Hashimoto’s is a complex condition influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors. However, having a family history can indeed increase your risk.

Hormonal Influences on Hashimoto's Risk

Another reason women may be more susceptible to Hashimoto’s disease is due to hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. That could be due to estrogen, a group of hormones responsible for sexual and reproductive development, primarily in women. Estrogen can suppress thyroid hormone production, increasing your body’s need for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Higher levels of TSH are an indicator of hypothyroidism.  When your body produces a lot of estrogen, such as during pregnancy, it can significantly increase TSH levels.  In fact, there's a term for women who are diagnosed with Hashimoto’s after having a baby: Postpartum Thyroiditis (PPT). PPT affects approximately 5% of mothers and usually occurs within the first year after delivery. Perimenopause and menopause are also times when hormonal fluctuations can trigger Hashimoto’s due to changes in estrogen levels.

Autoimmune Conditions Linked to Hashimoto's

Hashimoto’s Disease can often co-occur with other auto-immune disorders that are more common in women. Type 1 Diabetes and Rheumatoid Arthritis are similar conditions where the immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue. Women are two to three times more likely than men to develop Rheumatoid Arthritis. Women are generally more susceptible to autoimmune conditions due to complex interactions between hormones and the immune system, making it important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of these related disorders. 

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

Aside from the genetic and hormonal risk factors of Hashimoto’s Disease, environmental and lifestyle factors can also influence your risk. Nutrient deficiencies, such as low levels of Vitamin D and selenium, can increase your risk of developing Hashimoto’s. In one study, patients saw improved symptoms and a slower disease progression when taking Vitamin D supplements. On the other hand, while Iodine is essential for a healthy thyroid, too much iodine in your diet can disrupt thyroid function. 

Exposure to certain bacteria can also be a factor. Some research suggests a link between Hashimoto’s and chronic bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori (which causes ulcers) and bacterial overgrowth in the small intestines and gut. 

Lifestyle factors include stress, a known trigger for autoimmune disorders. Getting older also increases your risk, especially for women approaching menopause, when fluctuating hormones,  stress and poor diet can all converge to significantly increase your risk of developing Hashimoto’s. If you are looking for everyday habits you can do to lower your risk, focus on a balanced diet with lots of protein, regular exercise, and effective stress management.

The Impact of Iodine on Thyroid Health

Iodine is a mineral found in many varieties of seafood and dairy products that our bodies use to produce essential hormones, including the thyroid hormone. However, consuming too much iodine can cause the thyroid to slow down, effectively halting hormonal production and triggering an immune response. It’s important to be mindful of your iodine intake and discuss any dietary concerns with your healthcare provider to keep your thyroid health on track.

Early Detection and Management

Hashimoto’s symptoms may not show up for several years, and by the time they do, there may be extensive damage to your thyroid gland. Regular thyroid function tests are crucial for early detection, especially for women who are at higher risk due to genetic, hormonal, or environmental factors. Diagnosing Hashimoto’s early through routine testing allows for timely and effective management, helping to prevent complications such as hypothyroidism. Early and ongoing management can stabilize thyroid function, reduce symptoms, and improve your overall quality of life. By staying proactive with your thyroid health, you can better navigate and control the impact of Hashimoto’s, ensuring you feel your best.

Even though some symptoms can take years to develop, there are some early signs of Hashimoto’s to look out for, such as changes in your hair or skin, unexplained weight gain and sudden fatigue. If you’re experiencing these symptoms or an increased genetic or hormonal risk, it’s a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider about getting tested. At Allara, we believe the best way to manage Hashimoto’s is with a holistic approach to health. This means diet, physical movement, and working with the right team of experts to ensure you receive the best care possible. 

Allara Health provides personalized treatment for hormonal, metabolic, and gynecological conditions. Our programs utilize a holistic plan that merges nutrition, lifestyle, medication and supplementation, and ongoing, expert support to heal your body. Check if Allara’s treatment options are right for you.